Commentary hallucinations: In this type, individuals hear voices that provide a running commentary on their thoughts, actions, or behaviors.Command hallucinations: These are a specific type of auditory hallucination where the individual hears voices commanding them to perform certain actions, which can be quite distressing.Complex hallucinations: These are more elaborate and involve hearing voices or other distinct sounds, often with intelligible speech.Simple hallucinations: These involve hearing sounds, such as buzzing, ringing, or hissing noises.Types of auditory hallucinationsĪuditory hallucinations can manifest in different forms, including: In individuals with schizophrenia, imaging studies using PET and fMRI have shown increased activity in certain brain regions, including:Īdditionally, research from 2017 has observed deficits in the functioning of the left temporal lobe.Īnother important aspect is the role of abnormal glutamate signaling, which aligns with the hypothesis that dysfunction in glutamate receptors may contribute to the development of psychosis.įinally, fMRI findings have shown spontaneous activation of the auditory network, consisting of the left superior temporal gyrus, transverse temporal gyri (Heschl’s gyri), and the left temporal lobe. This imbalance leads to the spontaneous firing of sensory neurons without proper inhibition, causing the hallucinations. Neuroimaging studies show increased D2 receptor activity in the striatal system (associated with movement and reward), and increased 5HT2a receptor activity in the caudate nucleus (linked to movement and decision-making).Ī neurocognitive model called the VOICE proposes that auditory hallucinations occur due to a mismatch between an overactive emotional system and an underactive inhibitory system in the brain. But researchers have proposed several possibilities.ĭopamine (D2) and serotonin (5HT2a) receptors are believed to play a crucial role in auditory hallucinations. The exact mechanism behind auditory hallucinations remains unclear. childhood conduct disorder, migraine, and anxiety.medical conditions such as brain tumors or epilepsy.Non-psychiatric auditory hallucinations may be associated with various factors, including the following: On the other hand, nonpsychiatric auditory hallucinations can occur in individuals without a diagnosed mental health disorder. 40% of individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). 10% of individuals with major depression.20% to 50% of individuals with bipolar disorder.When these hallucinations involve hearing voices, they’re typically referred to as auditory verbal hallucinations.Ģ023 research shows that auditory hallucinations are seen in: Psychiatric auditory hallucinations are typically associated with mental health disorders such as: Psychiatric and non-psychiatric auditory hallucinationsĪuditory hallucinations can occur in a variety of conditions, including psychiatric and non-psychiatric disorders. This increased awareness can help you identify potential factors that contribute to the voices and develop strategies to manage them. Keep a diary: By documenting your auditory hallucinations in a diary, you gain a better understanding of their frequency, intensity, triggers, and patterns.Consider having a safety plan in place with someone you trust to contact during difficult moments. They can provide reassurance and help you stay grounded during the episode. Seek support: If possible, reach out to a trusted person who understands your situation.Use affirmations or positive statements to counteract negative thoughts or messages from the voices. Positive self-talk: Remind yourself that the voices are a symptom of your condition and not a reflection of reality.Listen to music, watch a favorite TV show or movie, read a book, or engage in a hobby you enjoy. Distract yourself: Engage in activities that divert your attention from the hallucinations.This can help you relax and redirect your attention away from the voices. Deep breathing: Take slow, deep breaths in through your nose and out through your mouth.Name objects you see, touch different textures, or listen to calming sounds in your environment.
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